Positive effects of video games Essay Example for Free

Constructive outcomes of computer games Essay Presently I am no master in the brain, yet in my examination I have discovered that there is a few different ways that we can gain from playing computer games. Computer games have consistently been notorious for their enemy of social viewpoint and the viciousness that is appeared in them. They have been viewed as adversely influencing the players as far as absence of social aptitudes, wastefulness, weight and sluggishness. We do not have the fair-minded view in this manner miss on the beneficial outcomes of computer games. The negativities got by computer games are because of the unhindered span for which they are played. Computer games are well known among the youngsters and the young people of America. On the off chance that there is no restriction to the ideal opportunity for which a youngster is permitted to play a computer game or no oversight in transit in which the game is being played, the not really constructive outcomes of computer games will fire appearing. In the opposite case, computer game players will begin showing the constructive outcomes of computer games. Great computer games fuse great learning standards. Why? On the off chance that nobody could become familiar with these games, nobody would get them. Players won't acknowledge simple, stupefied, or short games. Challenge and learning are a huge piece of what makes great computer games propelling and engaging. As a matter of first importance a gamer can learn personality. No learning happens except if gamers make a responsibility. Learning another zone, regardless of whether it be material science or medication, requires the student to take on another personality: to make a guarantee to see and worth work and the world in the manners by which great physicists or specialists do. Great computer games catch the player through character. Players are either given a firmly framed and engaging character, for example, Master Chief in the Halo arrangement or they get the chance to fabricate a character starting from the earliest stage, as in Fallout 3. In any case, players become focused on the new virtual world in which they will live, learn, and act through their responsibility to their new character (Gee 4). When playing computer games, gamers can figure out how to collaborate. Indeed, nothing occurs until a player demonstrations and decides. At that point the game responds back, giving the player criticism and new issues. In a decent game, words and activities are completely positioned with regards to an intelligent connection between the player and the world. (Well 5). Players are makers, not simply purchasers. Indeed, even at the least difficult level, players co-structure games by the moves they make and the choices they make. An open-finished game like Fallout 3 is, before the end, an alternate game for every player. In an enormous multi-player game like World of WarCraft a huge number of individuals make diverse virtual professions through their own novel decisions in a world they share with one another. Additionally numerous games accompany renditions of the product with which they are made and players can alter them. Such alterations go from building new skate stops in Tony Hawk or new situations in Age of Mythology to building totally different games. Players help â€Å"write† the universes they live in. Players figure out how to face challenges and oversee assets. Great computer games bring down the outcomes of disappointment. On the off chance that this occurs, at that point the players are urged to face challenges, investigate, and attempt new things. Truth be told, in a game, disappointment is something to be thankful for. When confronting a chief, the gamer uses starting disappointments as approaches to discover the boss’s example and search for a shortcoming. Likewise, particularly with methodology games, player get assets at given spans and should spare and spend them carefully to arrive at his definitive objective. This includes capacities of asset the board and testing. A player can figure out how to perceive the kinds of circumstances and respond to them earnestly. He can likewise figure out how to delineate virtual world situations to those in reality. Players can typically, somehow, tweak a game to fit with their learning and playing styles. Games frequently have distinctive trouble levels and numerous great games permit players to take care of issues in various manners. In a pretending game, the particular traits every player decides for their character decides how the game will be played. Players can even evaluate new styles, on account of the hazard taking standard above. Exploration has demonstrated that when students are sans left to wander in a mind boggling issue space they will in general hit on inventive answers for complex issues. In great computer games, the issues players face are requested so the previous ones form an establishment so later players can be given increasingly, more difficult issues. It makes a difference how the issues are sorted out, this is the reason games have levels. Great games offer players a lot of testing issues. At that point, when the players have it made sense of the game tosses another kind of issue at the players (at times this is known as a â€Å"boss†), expecting them to reexamine their now underestimated dominance, gain some new useful knowledge, and incorporate this new learning with their old authority. In time, this new authority is reinforcedA game can make a practiced inclination by being wonderfully baffling. On account of a significant number of the above standards, great games remain inside, yet at the external edge, of the player’s comfort level. That is, the game feels feasible, yet testing. This is an exceptionally spurring state for students since it can feel remunerating beating the level or the supervisor that the player falls flat at a couple of times. Games urge players to consider connections, not detached occasions, realities, and aptitudes. In a game like Empire: Total War, for example, players need to consider how each activity taken may affect on their future activities and the activities of different players playing against them as they each move their civic establishments through the Ages. In a monstrous multi-player game like World of WarCraft, players must think about the outcomes, fortunate or unfortunate, of their activities not just on all parts of the game world, however on loads of different players also. In our perplexing, worldwide world, such framework believing is pivotal for everybody. At the point when players play a multi-player game like World of WarCraft, they regularly play in groups, in which every player has an alternate arrangement of aptitudes (state a Mage, a Warrior, or Druid). Players should each ace their own forte, since a Mage plays uniquely in contrast to a Warrior, yet players figure out how to utilize each other’s qualities to limit shortcomings. Besides, in such groups, individuals are unified by their duty to a shared objective, not fundamentally by their race, class, ethnicity, or sexual orientation. Players can play before they are experienced, upheld by the plan of the game, the assistance the game offers, and regularly, as well, the help of other, further developed players (in multi-player games, in talk rooms, or remaining there in the front room). A significant constructive outcome of computer games is the improvement of deftness. A player needs to watch on screen while at the same time working the joystick of the gadget in his grasp to make moves. This requires the player to be caution and very much planned. An examination led by scientists at the University of Rochester found that individuals who play quick paced activity computer games have improved visual and response abilities when contrasted with the individuals who dont play. As indicated by the investigation, individuals who played such computer games had the option to all the more likely track objects showing up at the same time, and handled quick changing visual data all the more productively. To help guarantee the legitimacy of the examination, scientists likewise took a gander at individuals who didn't typically play computer games, prepared them to play, and afterward took a gander at the outcomes. This gathering, as well, demonstrated improved visual abilities. The games the non-players were prepared on were Medal of Honor and Tetris. The individuals who played Medal of Honor scored preferable on the visual tests over the individuals who didn't. The discoveries show that computer game preparing for individuals who require improved visual aptitudes, for example, fighters or adolescents planning to drive, would be effective. In an examination led in 2004 by Butch Rosser, a specialist of Laparoscopy, he considered the careful abilities of specialists playing computer games and specialists who didn't. It was surprising to know from the outcomes that specialists playing computer games were quicker in real life and committed lesser errors during work than the individuals who didn't play computer games. Kids with issues with consideration, absence of self-assurance, or who are singled out are regularly helped by the gaming experience. Computer games have likewise been remembered for the treatment for youngsters with such mental issues. Kids that consider themselves to be disappointments get advantage from playing computer games, since they can furnish the player with a feeling of investment achievement. In playing computer games, a youngster gets a feeling of cooperation, a feeling of accomplishment, accordingly constructing his fearlessness. Kids, subsequent to playing computer games start to feel amped up for their lives, they begin feeling positive and excited. This empowers them to overcome their mental issue somewhat. Also, computer games allow kids to impart their aptitude and abilities to their folks. This can give the kid an increase in fearlessness when he gets the opportunity to show his folks something that he learned. Playing computer games includes critical thinking, arranging, estimation and examination of the moves or activities of both you and your adversary. This influences the player decidedly by creating in his critical thinking abilities, logical and estimation aptitudes and snappy dynamic. Computer games give the way to divert one’s feelings in a positive manner. Outrage, disdain and such other adverse emotions in a person’s mind get an opportunity to approach by method of a game rather than reality. A player can shoot or beat up adversaries with fulfilling results that disposes of outrage that may have developed inside them.

Racial and Ethnic Disparity in Healthcare

The number of inhabitants in United States of America is very assorted as there is significant quantities of African-American, Hispanic, Native American or Asian/Pacific Islander living here. The quantities of non whites is massively expanding in the nation. In 1900, one of every eight American was non white yet at present one of every four is non white and it is evaluated that continuously 2070, every single one of two American will be non white. (US Census Bureau 2005) This changing arrangement of populace is making contrasts in different divisions however the country is confronting a significant test as for the biasness in healthcare.The generally medicinal services of the nation is stunningly improving yet this improvement isn't as a rule similarly shared by all the racial and ethnic gatherings of country. Non white populace is getting dissimilar and low level clinical treatment and care as contrasted and the white individuals and this distinction has made social insurance abbera tions among the minorities. There are a few causes behind these developing social insurance differences among the minorities and a few techniques have likewise been planned so as to adapt up to this problem.This paper is proposing to direct a quantitative research so as to feature the main drivers of human services incongruities, systems to beat this issue and the disposition and job of the country towards these inconsistencies. The paper gives the foundation data, measurement information, need, purposes, noteworthiness and philosophy of research. Presentation Disparity is â€Å"the condition or truth of being inconsistent, as in age, rank, or degree† and human services dissimilarity alludes to unacceptable circumstance when patients get inconsistent clinical treatment and care.When the clinical consideration and treatment become inconsistent on racial and ethnic grounds, it offers ascend to minorities medicinal services variations. Numerous inquires about have demonstrated t hat in United States of America, individuals having a place with various races are not getting equivalent social insurance and the medicinal services inconsistencies among the minorities is broadly expanding. The nature of clinical consideration and treatment is diverse for minorities There are some essential variables answerable for this uniqueness like â€Å"differences in financial level I. e.income and training, language hindrances, contrasts in wellbeing practices of shoppers, absence of assorted variety in the human services workforce, absence of multi-social information and real separation and generalizing by medicinal services providers† (American Hospital Association). The passing pace of African, South Asian, Hispania American because of extreme sicknesses is impressively higher then that of white Americans. So as to keep away from these incongruities true inquires about are required that can feature the difficult zones and afterward plan the methodologies for impro ving the human services circumstance of minorities.A explore study is proposed so as to discover the job of social insurance supplier in advancing these medicinal services differences. The examination will concentrate on the practices of country particularly the medicinal services suppliers and their training design so as to call attention to their commitment towards enhancing these inconsistencies. It will be a subjective research; a review of significant medicinal services units where the human services suppliers (specialists and clinical staff) and the patients (both White and Non-Whites) will be interrogated concerning the issue.The research will concentrate on the focuses that how the individuals are reacting towards the methodologies intended for diminishing the social insurance incongruities among the minority populace, how much the working example of social insurance supplier has changed for minorities, how the white individuals are changing their mentality for non whites an d climate the people in question (minority populace) are feeling any distinction in their treatment and care or not. The information will be access to get the key discoveries which will be use so as to create future techniques for forestalling and limiting the minorities human services disparities.The research will contain a presentation, foundation data, Statistical Data, Finding of the study, Analysis and results, conversation, proposed methodologies and end. The issues proclamation or theory for the exploration will be â€Å"Is our country doing what's necessary to diminish racial and ethnic divergence in social insurance? † Background Information There is extraordinary ascent in social insurance separation for minorities in United States. In spite of the improved national medicinal services circumstance, the minority populace is confronting more issues with respect to their health.Following is the foundation data about the wellbeing state of African Americans, Hispanics, South Indian and Native Americans, and islanders. The newborn child death rate is going down in America however the African American despite everything have a high baby death rate which is practically twofold than the white Americans. â€Å"Heart infection demise rates are in excess of 40 percent higher for African Americans than for whites. The passing rate for all malignant growths is 30 percent higher for African Americans than for whites; for prostate disease, it is more than twofold that for whites.African American ladies have a higher demise rate from bosom malignancy in spite of having a mammography screening rate that is almost equivalent to the rate for white ladies. The passing rate from HIV/AIDS for African Americans is in excess of multiple times that for whites; the pace of crime is multiple times that for whites. During 2001-2004, 68% of all ladies announced with AIDS were African American; among men, simply under half (44%) of the new instances of HIV and AIDS were i n African Americans. Lupus is multiple times more typical in African American ladies than in white women.African American ladies will in general create manifestations at a previous age than other ladies, and have progressively serious organ issues, particularly with their kidneys. † (Health People 2010) The Hispanic populace is likewise confronting low level clinical consideration which has brought about their unexpected frailty conditions. Among the new instances of tuberculosis enlisted in America during 1996, practically 20% were Hispanic. The quantity of Hispanic Americans dieing from diabetes is practically twofold then the non Hispanics.They likewise have hypertension and weight rate as contrasted and non Hispanics. â€Å"Only 18% of Hispanics with hypertension have this condition leveled out, contrasted and 30% of whites. Type 2 diabetes is being analyzed more regularly in Hispanic kids and youths than before. Just 42% of Hispanics matured 65 years or more seasoned get a pneumonia or yearly influenza shot, contrasted and 63% of whites. Just 28% get the pneumonia shot, contrasted and 61% of whites.Hispanics have the second most noteworthy pace of HIV/AIDS findings and record for 18% of all HIV/AIDS cases. In 2004, non-Hispanic dark people were more uncertain than non-Hispanic white people to have gotten an influenza shot during the previous a year (Non-Hispanic dark: 32. 9%; Non-Hispanic white: 50. 9%), and were additionally more averse to have at any point gotten a pneumococcal inoculation (Non-Hispanic dark: 38. 6%; Non-Hispanic white: 60. 9%)†. (CDC, 2007) The American Indians and Alaska locals are likewise the minority countries having awful wellbeing conditions.The diabetes and newborn child death rate is practically twofold among them as contrasted and the white Americans. â€Å"The Pima of Arizona have probably the most noteworthy pace of diabetes on the planet. Native Americans and Alaska Natives additionally have lopsidedly high pa ssing rates from unexpected wounds and self destruction. † (CDC) The wellbeing state of Asians and Pacific Islanders is considered as â€Å"one of the most advantageous populace bunches in the United States† yet there are still information that demonstrates that this populace is likewise confronting social insurance diversities.For model â€Å"the ladies of Vietnamese inception experience the ill effects of cervical disease at almost multiple times the rate for white ladies. New instances of hepatitis and tuberculosis additionally are higher in Asians and Pacific Islanders living in the United States than in whites. Pacific Islanders are more than twice as likely as whites to get a finding of diabetes. In spite of the fact that the assessed HIV/AIDS rate among Pacific Islanders is the most reduced in the United States contrasted and all other racial and ethnic gatherings, the rate expanded a normal of 9% every year during 2001â€2004.† (Healthy People 2010) The re are numerous illnesses which are extremely basic among the minorities and causing high passing rates among them. These infections incorporate Infant Mortality, Hepatitis, Tuberculosis, Mental Problems, Cancer, Heart Diseases, Diabetes, Immunizations and HIV AIDS. These maladies are affecting the wellbeing circumstance of minorities everywhere for instance, the â€Å"African-American, American Indian, and Puerto Rican newborn children have higher demise rates than white babies. In 2000, the dark to-white proportion in newborn child mortality was 2. 5 (up from 2. 4 in 1998).African-American ladies are more than twice as liable to pass on of cervical malignant growth as are white ladies and are bound to kick the bucket of bosom disease than are ladies of some other racial or ethnic gathering. In 2000, paces of death from sicknesses of the heart were 29 percent higher among African-American grown-ups than among white grown-ups, and demise rates from stroke were 40 percent higher. In 2000, American Indians and Alaska Natives were 2. multiple times bound to have determined diabetes contrasted with have non-Hispanic Whites, African Americans were 2. multiple times more probable, and Hispanics were 1.9 occasions almost certain. African Americans and Hispanics represented 66 percent of grown-up AIDS cases and 82 percent of pediatric AIDS cases revealed in the principal half of that year† (NCHS 2002) though In 2001, Hispanics and African Americans matured 65 and more seasoned were more outlandish than Non-Hispanic whites to report having gotten flu and pneumococcal antibodies (MMWR, 2002) The psychological issues of the minorities are additionally a significant purpose of worry as â€Å"American Indians and Alaska Natives seem to endure excessively f

Sustainable Growth 4 Questions for Fast-Growing Companies

Sustainable Growth 4 Questions for Fast-Growing Companies When a start-up grows at scale, your leadership strategy will need to grow with it. At MeisterLabs, when we could no longer fit around the same meeting room table, we knew it was time to take stock. Over the past few years, our company has grown from a small start-up to a team of 35. Throughout this process, growing sustainably, rather than rapidly, has been paramount. We’ve needed a leadership strategy that not only hires top talent  but provides our team with the onboarding processes and feedback they need to thrive. To receive a helping hand in this, we rolled up our sleeves and signed up for an external leadership workshop. The training was challenging, but enlightening, and identified a few key areas for improvement, along with strategies on how to get there. These approaches will no doubt apply to other growing tech teams too. In this article, we’ll share the key lessons, in the hope that you’ll be well placed to weather your growth, too: Dealing with Growing Pains As tech companies scale at pace, there’s a risk that teams will begin to lose direction. Without structure, it’s difficult to continue working together in a strategic way, as bigger picture aims get lost among individual tasks. Without clear team leads, questions over who should onboard new staff members and provide regular feedback can also arise. As a result, in fall 2017, we decided to create a formal company structure. Until this point, MeisterLabs had been almost entirely non-hierarchical. This worked great for fast-paced working and collaboration. However, as we hired lots of new team members over a short period, it became problematic. As new hires joined the team, they would often have no clear line manager. This meant no specific person to onboard them, no one to showcase their work to, and no one to provide regular feedback. To address this, we began by developing a clear company structure, providing each employee with a clear understanding of who they can look to for support and feedback. Next, we needed to ensure that our new leadership team had the skills and confidence to manage their teams. To this end, we reached out to 5P Consulting and brought our team leads and founders together for a 3-day leadership workshop in Vienna. Within the training, we established our own strengths and weaknesses as a leadership team. Then, we looked at how we could improve, particularly in the areas of delegation and providing feedback. Here’s what we covered and the questions we asked ourselves, in order to make that progress: 4 Essential Questions For Leaders: 1. What drives you as a leader? To know how to improve as a leader, you first need to establish what you could be doing better. To do this, try asking yourself: How would your team describe you as a leader? How does this vary from how you would like to be described? Which leadership situations do you feel you’re really good at? Where would you still like to improve? It might have been a while since you thought about the broader impression of your leadership style. However, aligning where you’re at currently with where you’d like to be is a great first step in identifying how to improve. An element of this is understanding our personal drivers as leaders. These can often be deduced from how we would like to be seen. However, undertaking a questionnaire on our leadership drivers, we found that many of us have drivers that we’re not yet aware of. For example, a number of our leaders found a conclusive drive to please others. Although this can be essential for a happy team, it’s important to remember that you can’t please everyone, all of the time. As long as decisions are made for the greater sake of the team, in line with company strategy, not pleasing everyone is okay. Another we found was the need to be perfect, which was holding some leaders back from delegating. We’ll come back to this, but in order to move forward, it’s important to first identify these leadership shortcomings. Productive Team ManagementMade Simple 2. What drives you as a company? Next, focus some thought on drivers within the company as a whole. During our training, we shared on a flipchart what we most appreciate about working at MeisterLabs, as well as where the pain points lie. We asked ourselves: What are the top three things that make us successful right now? What are the top three things that hold us back and if done better, could make us more successful? It became obvious that for many of us, we enjoy elements such as: working with people with a similar mindset an open-door policy for asking for help the active involvement of our knowledgeable founders and the encouragement of team input within our company strategies. All of these factors enable us to trust one another and work well together. However, we established areas for improvement too. As a leadership team, we all agreed that we could be doing a better job of delegating tasks and providing regular, constructive feedback. Both are essential for growing teams, so I’ll share the strategies we’ve put in place to address them. 3. Where could you delegate better? As leaders, many of us have been there: You’re facing a never-ending to-do list, but feel hesitant to ask your team members to take on a task. Even as a company working on our own task management solution  MeisterTask    we’ve faced this problem too. So why is it that we so often face this conundrum? It might be that we feel we could do the task better ourselves. That we think it would require too much time to train a report to do it instead. That it could put too much pressure on a colleague. Or perhaps that we’re simply scared of losing control, in case we become redundant by handing over our work. All of these concerns are valid in their own right. However, companies hire specialist staff for a reason. As long as you  feel confident in your team members, we should never feel afraid to entrust them with important tasks. For some of us, resistance to delegation can link back to our inner drivers. For example, if one of your drivers is to complete tasks quickly, this might make you resistant to training a team member to do it. If your driver is to please others, you might be concerned by the pressure you’d be putting on them by delegating. Reflecting on the drivers established in step one will help you in deconstructing any personal resistance to delegating. Once you’re feeling more comfortable to delegate, the key steps we covered in our guide to effective delegation are as follows: Explain why you’re delegating Provide the right instructions Provide the necessary resources and training Delegate responsibility and authority, too Say thank you! Learning to delegate effectively will develop you as a leader and can help motivate your team too. After all, it’s your responsibility to focus on their professional development and this includes challenging them, providing opportunities to grow. As mentioned, at MeisterLabs, we use our own task management tool, MeisterTask, to help delegate. With transparent project boards, we can create and assign tasks to our team, then track these to completion. If team members have any questions, they can voice them simply via the comment section. However, an in-person conversation between the team member and team lead can never go amiss either! 4. Are you providing enough feedback? To help your team members develop further, it’s crucial you provide regular, constructive feedback. This shouldn’t be an annual affair, where all tasks completed over the past year are presented all at once. Instead, you should normalize immediate feedback and create a constant dialogue flow, including praise and points for improvement. The mindset of the leader will play a significant role here. In her book, Radical Candor, leadership expert Kim Scott shared that ideally, every team leader will care personally for their team member. In parallel, they should develop a relationship in which they’re able to challenge each other directly, without resulting in any  upset. Many articles have been written about how to give feedback in the best possible way. Some claim that criticism should always be sandwiched in praise. However, as we’ve shared previously in our best ways to offer effective feedback, this is just undercover bashing and often ineffective. Instead, the most effective way to offer feedback on topics surrounding criticism, recognition and expectations is via the following steps: First, provide a description of the situation Second, provide an objective description of the behavior Next, provide an objective description of the consequences Then, provide a subjective assessment of the situation, outcomes and onward actions Finally, provide a description of future expectations. In order to communicate your feedback in a considered, thoughtful way, it’s important to first structure your thoughts. Below is an example of how you can prepare for feedback sessions with the help of a mind map. In our case, we used  MindMeister. Your browser is not able to display frames. Please visit 5 Steps for Effective Feedback on MindMeister. MeisterTip: To use the template feedback mind map, simply sign into MindMeister (or sign up free) and maximize the map via the map actions icon. Once maximized, click again on the map actions icon and choose to clone the map. From there, edit or embellish the topics to make the map suitable for your personal feedback session. Of course, if your feedback is critical, you might need to escalate this to further levels. The first couple of stages will involve explaining, convincing, requesting changes and then holding follow-ups to monitor those changes. However, persistent issues should be dealt with by alerting the employee to the consequences, before, eventually, putting those consequences into practice. Ultimately, your feedback should be a continuum from friendly chat, to direct conversation, to tangible consequences. Ideally, with a focus on regular feedback,  you can avoid the latter escalations altogether. Once you’ve been through these processes as a leader, the next step is to disseminate this knowledge internally. By demonstrating the value of the new management processes to your team, you can get them on board with the changes. This way, they’ll be ready and eager for the 1:1 feedback sessions and to receive some new, challenging tasks. In our case, our Tech Lead for MindMeister, Laura Bârladeanu, led an internal workshop, leading to positive feedback on the new processes so far. After all, feedback is a two-way street, and we, as leaders, must be open to receiving it too ?? If you like the sound of how we do things at MeisterLabs, there’s still space in our bustling offices in Vienna and Seattle! Head to our  jobs page  to check out the positions we’re hiring for. Plus, if you don’t see an opening that fits, get in touch via  [emailprotected]  to let us know where you see yourself on our team! Productive Team ManagementMade Simple

Overthrow By Stephen Kinzer s Overthrow - 914 Words

The book, Overthrow by Stephen Kinzer, is organized by chapters and parts. It begins with the introduction, and then it flows into the following parts: The Imperial Era, Covert Action, and Invasions. After these parts are the notes, bibliography, acknowledgments, and index. The book also features pictures of the people and places that are spoken of within it. The book is targeted at a mature, college-aged, or even older, audience, while remaining easy to read, and its tone is not at all tense for the subject portrayed. Overthrow is written as a historical recountal of America’s overthrow of foreign governments, including those of Hawaii, the Philippines, Nicaragua, Puerto Rico, Iraq, etc. The book uses these examples to argue that a strong nation strikes against a weaker one because â€Å"it seeks to impose its ideology, increase its power, or gain control of valuable resources.† The author of Overthrow did a phenomenal job of proving his thesis statement through his ex amples and making the book suitable for the audience. One of the hypotheses is that the United States is unfit to rule foreign lands. This hypothesis is drawn from the text without being blatantly stated. The reader can extract this hypothesis by looking at the examples of countries that the United States has tried to take over. For example, in the Central American countries of Honduras and Nicaragua, the United States overthrew leaders who could have lead the states to social reform. Instead, the states are nowShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Stephen Kinzer s The United States1564 Words   |  7 PagesAs a veteran remote reporter who has secured more than fifty nations crosswise over five mainlands, Stephen Kinzer has a lot of involvement with worldwide issues and world history and can be legitimately marked as a specialist in these fields. He has filled in as a remote writer for the Boston Globe and The New York Times, as a worldwide relations teacher at Northwestern and Boston Univer sity, and as a writer who composes both articles for an assortment of outside strategy sections and his own particularRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Overthrow By Stephen Kinzer1713 Words   |  7 Pagesgained economic benefits. While reading the book Overthrow by Stephen Kinzer there are examples on how United States overthrow Hawaii, Cuba, Nicaragua, and Panama. In document 20, Exploring American Histories by Nancy A. Hewitt and Steven F. Lawson what is discussed is imperial expansion (Hewitt and Lawson 644). â€Å"The March of the Flag, 1898† by Albert Beveridge lays out the justifications on why America should imperialize (Hewitt and Lawson 647 Kinzer 117). Beveridge mentioned that they can expandRead MoreOperation Ajax4003 Words   |  17 Pagesintelligence agencies, but it was just one small operation of continued foreign influence in Iran. Most importantly, the decision to overthrow Mossadegh was to preserve Western control of Iran’s oil by reinstating the Shah who was friendly towards the West. The excuse for American involvement was a perceived communist threat. Further justifications for the overthrow include; the failure of diplomacy, the approval by the Shah, Mossadegh’s alienation, and Eisenhower and Churchill coming to power. Read MoreIdentification And Evaluation Of Sources2372 Words   |  10 PagesCourtney Larson Section 1: Identification and Evaluation of Sources In this paper the question â€Å"How did Sam â€Å"The Banana Man† Zemurray change the political organization of Honduras in the 1910’s?† will be examined. The decade of 1910-1920 is used to narrow the span of time that can be considered. Honduras is examined because it was the second largest banana exporter in the world up to 1915, thereafter it was the largest (Bucheli 11). The first source is â€Å"The Fish That Ate The Whale† by Rich CohenRead More Modern American History: From the Second World War to Today.2014 Words   |  9 Pageshis book, the Secret Histories, by John S. Friedman, the FBI and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) became targets of investigation in 1975 by the Select Committee. The Committee purpose is to Study Government Operations with Respect to Intelligence, and it is head by Democratic Senator Frank Church of Idaho. The results of the Committee studies showed troubling secrets by both the FBI and the CIA in: â€Å"illegal break-ins, CIA assassination plots, overthrow of foreign government, and COINTELPRORead MoreThe United States And Its Impact On The Nation Reconstruction And Redeveloping Regional Armed Forces3333 Words   |  14 Pagesdysfunctional and disunified government incapable of running the country effectively† (Astore, 2014). That is why, in some cases, a regime change is necessary for progress. When is it the responsibility and the right of powerful states to act and overthrow foreign corrupted governments? Usually, when there are sincere humanitarian concerns, there is justification in these tactics. Altering and overthrowing old regimes and replacing them for the purposes of preservation, is not always a popular policyRead MoreSelf Control : An Effective Leader3203 Words   |  13 Pageslistening. But he was also a fighter† (Kinzer, Stephen, A Thousand Hills, page 14). 1. Self-control: But the fruit of the Spirit is love†¦ and self-control† (The Holy Bible, King James Version, Galatians 5: 23). Self-control is one of the nine fruits of the spirit that every leader should have in order to be an effective leader. Leaders who have not cultivated this character trait have done so to their own demise. Self-control is the ability to control one s emotions, behavior, and desires inRead MoreCause Of The Spanish American War1406 Words   |  6 Pagesother political motivations led to America s intervention in the year 1898. Subsequently, the Americans were able to overthrow the Spanish rule rendering both Cuba and Philippines as part its colonies. Desire to spread Christianity and democracy While one cannot simply deny America’s colonialist presuppositions in involving itself with the war, it is clear that the main driving force and motivation into the war was founded on the development of America s national identity that held the nation asRead MoreCause Of The Spanish American War1562 Words   |  7 PagesSanitation and insufficient food was one of the main concerns of these people and this resulted to many of the massive casualties. The highlighted injustices, together with other political motivations led to America s intervention in the year of 1898. Subsequently, the Americans people could overthrow the Spanish rule rendering both Cuba and Philippines as part of its colonies. Desire to spread Christianity and democracy While one cannot simply deny that the American colonialist presuppositions in involvingRead MoreNotes on American Interventionism3498 Words   |  14 Pagesuncomfortable with the idea of European-style colonies, the Philippines received considerable autonomy and home rule from the early-1900s onward. Bibliography Colà ¸ £Ã  ¸ s, A. Open Doors and Closed Frontiers: The Limits of American Empire, European Journal of International Relations, 14(4), 2008, pp. 619-43. Kinzer, Stephen. Overthrow: Americas History of Regime Change from Hawaii to Iraq. Times Books, 2007. Kolko, Gabriel. The Roots of American Foreign Policy. Boston: Beacon Press, 1969. LaFeber

Top Human Resources Essay Topics Reviews!

Top Human Resources Essay Topics Reviews! Studying should incorporate task of essay that argues a specific idea. Choosing great essay topics for middle school must be a careful procedure, where a balance needs to be struck between topics that might be too simplistic, more appropriate for the main school, and choosing argumentative essay topics that might be too elaborate or controversial. If you are pleased with the degree of your knowledge on a specific subject, hen you may safely consider it as the topic for your essay. In the procedure for selecting a topic, you also need to test your argument. After you choose a topic, you must answer the query and after that substantiate your response with three or more motivations as to why you think like that. Also, an entire revision is essential at the close of the undertaking. When it has to do with writing an argumentative essay, the most significant point to do is to select a topic and an argument that you could really get behind. An excellent writer will have the ability to earn any topic interesting, and one which knows and understands how to construct the essay as effectively as possible will have the ability to acquire excellent grades, regardless of what the topic is. Write an essay to convince your principal your idea is one which should be adopted. Another good idea is to receive some totally free essay examples of different sorts and on various subjects to find a general idea of the way in which a prosperous debatable paper looks. What You Should Do to Find Out About Human Resources Essay Topics Before You're Left Behind When it has to do with human resources you not only have various topics that you could pick from, you've got whole sorts of topics you may choose from. For a student in the center school the typical topics are linked to scien ce and history. Recent argumentative essay topics that are related to society is going to do. There are a few great topics to take into consideration when deciding on a topic for your argumentative essay. There are lots of aspects about a sport which can be argued in an essay. Gun ownership ought to be tightly controlled. As a student you should have the interest to work on a specific topic and excel in the exact same. The subject can be associated with science or literature. The Upside to Human Resources Essay Topics Direct applicants are those who put in an application for a job without prompting from the business. Yearly driving tests ought to be mandatory for the initial five years after obtaining a license. They should be mandatory over a certain age. Human Resources Essay Topics and Human Resources Essay Topics - The Perfect Combination Choose something you're in a position to discuss or describe and something which will present your good qualities to your teacher. Remember that you have to reveal the best about yourself. Pick 1 person whom you admire for their leadership abilities and write about the traits which make them special and how they've influenced you someh ow. It's recommended that you just opt for the topic that it is possible to deal with, for instance, if you're not t sketching the personality characteristics then you ought to better not elect for it. School should happen in the evenings. Task B ought to be given in a format so the Operations Managers can use it immediately. Some schools in america are requiring that students volunteer for a number of hours each semester to aid on a community issue. A trusted writing services company may assist you with all that. Advertisements in newspapers have a tendency to generate less desirable recruits and it's a larger expense. Human Resources Essay Topics: the Ultimate Convenience! Bear in mind which you can make funny argumentative essays if you do a few things. Every one of the ideas above will provide you with a chance to reveal your creative side and capacity to talk about your opinion. Afterwards, you have to explain the explanations for which you support that side. Only once you know every detail, you will be able to bring a determined position and produce ideas to support it. Books ought never to be banned. Life is far better than it was 50 decades ago. Kids ought to be able to vote. Cell phones should not be used while driving.

Two dads are better than none Free Essays

Life would always have Its way to prove that two is better than one. And partners would always almost remain partners. A spoon would always come with a fork, as a pencil would always have an eraser. We will write a custom essay sample on Two dads are better than none or any similar topic only for you Order Now A tooth paste would only be used with a tooth brush and a shoe has to be worn with a sock. Such things are typically seen as one. Though mammals the other would be fine, difficulties would still follow. Complete Is synonymous to perfect. And a complete family consists mainly of a father, a mother and their children. Two dads are better than none – a saying that goes against the natural law of marriage when you read between the lines. What happens when a family lacks a mother, and is rather replaced by two dads with their motherly big heart? It may not look complete. It may even seem peculiar. Or worse, unethical. But nothing would be more immoral than hurting someone physically and emotionally. A lot of children nowadays came from a broken family. As a consequence, they suffer depression and attitude problems towards the people around them. They often feel alone and Incomplete. There are also a number of children left in an orphanage for their parents are not responsible and mature enough to keep them. Indeed It Is difficult to live alone or to live with people one Is not related with. And If two men are willing to live together and create a wholesome and loving family for a deserted child, why would I disagree? I personally believe that love knows no boundaries and that it knows no gender. Though I am a Christian, and the bible is strictly against same sex marriage, I find it acceptable but at the same time regrettable for they would never eve their own child. And thus no family of their own. But as I watch the pride march and heard their voices, I came to an understanding that they are happy with those consequences. Having a family with two dads may not be perfect. But the love that will be built inside a house, more likely a home, is enough to make everything complete. The sacrifices that these two men give the moment they decided to adapt a child and make a family may be equal or even more than the sacrifices a mother and a father can provide. For doing so, they are ready to face all discriminations, all Injustices, and all hardships In order to protect their child. They do not only need to be financially-prepared, but most especially emotionally- and mentally-prepared. People do change together with their perspectives. And everyone has all the rights to change. Being gay is not a negative thing. It comes all with acceptance not just by them but also by us. Moreover, being gay is not a hindrance to dream and pursue a family. Two dads are better than none By syllabicating Life would always have its way to prove that two is better than one. And partners Though missing the other would be fine, difficulties would still follow. Complete is alone and incomplete. There are also a number of children left in an orphanage for their parents are not responsible and mature enough to keep them. Indeed it is difficult to live alone or to live with people one is not related with. And if two men are injustices, and all hardships in order to protect their child. They do not only need to change. Being gay is not a negative thing. How to cite Two dads are better than none, Papers

WordCamp Europe 2018 †What People Are Saying + Our Reflections

Whether youve just returned from Belgrade or you missed this years WordCamp Europe, the word is out WordCamp Europe 2018 was awesome. Just like it is every year. No one could be surprised that WordPress enthusiasts had such an incredible time at WordCamp Europe 2018.Youll be happy to hear that the number of passionate attendees rose and the no-shows dropped. Thats right 2018 was a vintage WordCamp Europe with many important numbers increasing on 2017s stats.But it isnt always about the numbers; the event had many memorable moments. From the party in the sky to the 33 talks and 9 workshops; there was something for everyone. And so that naturally brings us to our reflections. Now that we have all returned from Belgrade, and recovered a few hours of lost sleep, it seems natural to look back on the biggest European WordPress event of the year. I18n at @WCEurope.#WCEU pic.twitter.com/we5eTWAvcd Florian Simeth â“ ¦ (@floriansimeth) June 13, 2018We were also joined by 808 livestreamers from around the world. So, the final tally of 2885 WordPressers is on par with 2017.We were also treated to 65 speakers picked from a record number of 374 applications. While the number of participating countries was a little bit lower 76 the event still reached around the globe with over 6 million Twitter impressions via the official #WCEU hashtag.Traditional media helped us reach another 200k people from 67 media interviews.LocationWhile Belgrade does not have the same brand recognition as Paris; once people started arriving it was clear they were as excited as ever.Good morning beautiful Belgrade. Getting ready for conference day 1. I’m so excited. I feel like a kid on Christmas Eve. Big things are gonna come! #WCEU pic.twitter.com/uY3GLphbU0 Karin Berning (@YoastKarin) June 15, 2018For the local team, it was a great opportunity to show off their city to the wider WordPress community and it generated some genuine excitement. We got a good taste of Serbian architecture w ith the event split between two venues. The main conference was held in the colossal Sava Center which once held UN meetings and retains much of its authority.My heart is pounding so hard and I get dizzy just by being here at Sava Centar and realizing we managed to bring #WCEU here in Belgrade, Serbia 💙 pic.twitter.com/Xs71Tsj7Il Ivana Ćirković (@i_cirkovic) June 14, 2018Meanwhile at the Sava Centar our #WCEU is getting ready for launch. pic.twitter.com/LUZMrElfFO WordCamp Europe (@WCEurope) June 14, 2018I think the Sava Center is the largest building I have ever been in and one of the largest audience halls in Europe. I was told it is due to be renovated and the hall that hosted Miles Davis, Dizzy Gillespie, Nina Simone, and Ray Charles will soon lose a lot of its 70s charm.THIS IS SAVA! #WCEU pic.twitter.com/bfo5RRsR0K Taco Verdo (@TacoVerdo) June 13, 2018A short walk from Sava, 30 minutes or so, was the second area; the Belexpo Center. This was the main social fo cus with both the after party and contributor day held inside the giant hall.Wir sind beim #WCEU in Belgrad mit dabei und waren heute beim Contributor Day. Hier treffen sich viele fleißige Leute, um WordPress weiterzubringen und zu verbessern. #WordPress #WordCamp #Community #Belgrade pic.twitter.com/k4JF9rqdGh WP-Projects (@wpprojects_de) June 14, 2018Contributor DayThe contributor day record was shattered this year with 529 contributors each doing their thang in one (or more) of 24 teams. There were some new teams with Tide and GDPR Privacy teams making their first appearance.Contributor day at #WCEU https://t.co/FADyn1TpQ2 pic.twitter.com/uS0ebeP0kp Aaron D. Campbell at #DerbyCon (@aaroncampbell) June 14, 2018The word of the day was connect. While we werent able to connect to the wifi with confidence, plenty of people had an opportunity to connect in a more traditional sense.Already the last day @ #WCEU. Sad but true. Thanks @luminus for an awesome conversation there. #contr ibutorday pic.twitter.com/XsVF91xk5S á ´Å Ã¡ ´â€¡ÃŠâ‚¬Ã¡ ´ Ã¡ ´â€¡Ã‰ ´ Ê€á ´ Ã¡ ´â€ºÃ¡ ´â€ºÃŠ  🇠§Ã°Å¸â€¡ ª (@JeroenRotty) June 16, 2018 View this post on Instagram #wceu 2018 Contributor DayA post shared by Florian Ziegler (@florian.ziegler.photo) on Jun 14, 2018 at 10:17am PDTAs the day wore on, plenty of work was completed, particularly the Coding Standards team who created more patches than a retired tailor.Coding-Standards sind in #WordPress essentiell. Unser CEO @FlipKeijzer hat heute ebenfalls dazu beigetragen. Das Team make/coding standards hat viele Patches erhalten.#WCEU #ContributorDay #nomoreWordStress https://t.co/dHLAGlg04Q Savvii DE (@SavviiDE) June 14, 2018We’ve moved one of the Core:Editor tables to the Crowne Plaza hotel bar. Everyone who wants to tackle some Gutenberg issues is more than welcome! #wceu #contributorday pic.twitter.com/WYNFMjhAeZ WP Munich (@WPMunich) June 14, 2018 And the core team? Core never sleeps, so they kept on Gutenber ging after the event.Indeed, contributor day was kept alive throughout the entire event with a room designated as the Contribution Area where people kept contributing until the final day.Contributing is not limited to contributor day, theres a room for continued contribution during the whole WordCamp #WCEU pic.twitter.com/2LsrrTY65b Mathieu Sarrasin (@IceableMedia) June 15, 2018Volunteer SocialAnyone who volunteered in Paris will remember the boat that set a high bar for the Volunteer, Sponsor, Speaker Party. WellBelgrade somehow managed to raise the bar even higher. 25 five stories higher in fact..@zgordon et al on top of Belgrade at Top of the Hub at #WCEU pic.twitter.com/XAvHKLfLIZ K. Adam White (@kadamwhite) June 14, 2018What a view to accompany good food and great people at the volunteers social last night! Now we are ready to enjoy the first day of talks at #wceu pic.twitter.com/EiRiesOUM9 Mind Doodle (@MindDoodleCom) June 15, 2018 The view from the top of the building was a p erfect way to relax and prepare for two days of intensity. The combination of excellent views, incredible food, and amazing people proved the perfect tonic for any last minute stress they might feel.WCEU Day 1One of the things we noticed was the movement of workshops away from Contributor Day. The workshops ran alongside the main event for the first time. This helped keep Contributor Day on point. However, it also created an exhaustive daily schedule for those looking to make the most of the learning opportunities. In fact, we made this comic along those very lines.With Gutenberg slated to go Core in WordPress 5.0, this was always going to be the WordCamp of Gutenberg. However, there was also a good focus on JavaScript, mental health, and accessibility.Gutenberg was the focus of an epic 3 hours workshop with the Gutenberg team, a concurrent 90-minute workshop for block building, and the keynote. This is just the first day. On the second day, we had another workshop combining Gutenbe rg with JavaScript and two talks.   So, for now, lets concentrate on day ones Gutenberg roundtable and the keynote.The Gutenberg roundtable was held with the Gutenberg team and they revealed some juicy secrets about the editor. They also allayed the fears of many with the knowledge they shared, in particular, backward compatibility was confirmed.Here I am getting excited about #Gutenberg at #WCEU thanks to @karmatosed 😠Ã¢Å"ŠðŸ  ½ pic.twitter.com/4CqteL2dce Melin Edo (@melin_edo) June 15, 2018What you must know is that the editor is nearly ready and by the end of June it should be feature complete. After features are frozen, possibly in early July, we should see a refining of the UX with a view towards release. WPTavern has a comprehensive review of the entire workshop including customization and theme building processes.How to edit plugins in Gutenberg by the Gutenberg Team #WCEU pic.twitter.com/6uiAoujfKE WordCamp Europe (@WCEurope) June 15, 2018While we post this phot o of a fully packed Milky Way track during @photomatt session yesterday, we are happy to say that so far 2058 people went through our registration desks. 2058 people sharing the same #WCEU values. Thank you! ⠝ ¤Ã¯ ¸  pic.twitter.com/lX3p2mI0jS WordCamp Europe (@WCEurope) June 16, 2018For the first time, I think, a presentation from Matt Mullenweg played to a room large enough to hold everyone. As you can imagine, there was a lot of Gutenberg talk with a touch on how it has evolved and how it will unfold.The month of June will be a big one as site influencers will be encouraged to move sites over to Gutenberg. From then on, data will be collected about the editor and how users are using it, or not. A lot of bugs will be squished during this period. WordPress of the future looks like getting a release date in August..@photomatt showing off the copy and paste functionality in @gutenberg from Google docs, Apple pages, Microsoft Word, Evernote, random web pages, and Markdown. #WCEU p ic.twitter.com/y28XYVdm3R David Bisset (@dimensionmedia) June 15, 2018He also asked devs to dive into JavaScript. Deeply. Again. And gave away a cookie.WordCamps are always great events for their focus on accessibility, but this year we also saw a good focus on mental health. This focus emerged in the second half of day one with two talks; staying healthy in the digital space and easing the anxious mind.Many small but helpful tips: drink enough, excercise, get your workspace properly organised and many more can help you stay healthy —@varrocreative #WCEU pic.twitter.com/0vpdAfOMvt WordCamp Europe (@WCEurope) June 15, 2018Christina Varro gave a detailed talk about the perils of freelancing based on her experience from nearly 10 years of freelancing. Her tips have helped her move beyond the sleep disorders, physical health and anxiety disorders that often go hand in hand with heavy computer work. The tips themselves are small but very powerful in helping us stay healthy.At WCEU 2018 a lot of speakers and workshop leaders stepped up to say Youre not alone. Let us help. Laura Nelson is open about her own struggles and shared her experience and knowledge to an eager audience.Dont trivialise issues. Anxiety can be an impairing condition as much as a broken leg. EMPATHY. Thank you so much for sharing your experience @laura_nelson_ #WCEU pic.twitter.com/3hHMT9NJdz à lvaro Gà ³mez Velasco (@Mrfoxtalbot) June 15, 2018These two first day talks set the wider stage for a conversation about mental health in a number of talks and workshops on day 2.WCEU Day 2How does #Drupal community sees #WordPress? â€Å"In recent years I think in recent years it has becomes less of a competitor and more of a collaborator.† @davidneedham at @WCEurope #WCEU pic.twitter.com/FsRhWp2hBc David Bisset (@dimensionmedia) June 16, 2018Day 2 had big shoes to fill after an inspiring first day, but somehow it managed to achieve it. If you are a fan of connections and contributions, t hen you will be happy to hear that WordPress and Drupal share a decent amount of love. We share so much love that we are lending them   Matt Mullenweg for the Drupal Europe conference in Berlin this September.Sharing love was also the theme of Davide Casalis talk on feedback. This was the talk of the day in my opinion. Giving and receiving feedback is actually quite challenging and often times we find ourselves falling into ridiculous traps. Casali helped redefine the process and provided strategies for moving forward. This is the best quote from a highly quotable talk:This talk was epic, @Folletto is amazing 😠 #wceu pic.twitter.com/QmiNnY4K29 cate (@catehstn) June 16, 2018We say negative feedback but lets reframe it to feedback that you know what to do with. Positive feedback is confirmation feedback keep doing what youre doing.Thank you to everyone at #WCEU who signed up early and packed the house for our Advanced #Gutenberg #React and #Redux Workshop!!! pic.twitter.com/ Zr6n85SLHI Zac Gordon (@zgordon) June 16, 2018We also witnessed an epic 3 hour Gutenberg and React workshop with Zac Gordon and Julien Melissas. Attendees enthusiastically packed the room and happily squeezed into chairs without desks. Their deep learning of JavaScript paid off handsomely with a love heart counter to keep.Sherry Wallings workshop provided attendees with superpowers to help them stay healthy and productive. The workshop was completely full which vindicates the decision to put focus on mental health at this WordCamp.Mental Health Superpowers: Self-reflection, relaxation, and connection for the productive life with @zenfounder at #WCEU pic.twitter.com/4jfG6wyCuz Pierre Saà ¯kali (@psaikali) June 16, 2018The workshoppers also participated enthusiastically in the exercises.Lets switch back to Gutenberg for the final summary. We had two hardcore Gutenbergers delivering talks with Tammie Lister considering design patterns and Matà ­as Ventura taking a deep dive into the technical side of Gutenberg and what it means for publishing.Anatomy of a block: #Gutenberg design patterns with @karmatosed. Great features for an advanced user. Now I know what we have to do before August: teach all of our clients to use these new features. #WCEU attendees, how have you handled this? pic.twitter.com/koo6ffd9Vq Kenda (@kenda_x) June 16, 2018One of the most exciting implications from the Gutenberg editor is the placeholder because it makes blank, judgemental, pages less frightening. In other words, placeholders help us see how a page might take shape. You can see that people started getting excited for Gutenberg and some of their worries eased after the talks, workshops, and the keynote.If you were lucky enough to be at WordCamp US 2017, you probably remember the Gutenberg demonstration from Matà ­as Ventura during the State of the Word. The demo was a watershed moment when people started to get excited about Gutenberg. The markdown support is getting people excit ed. If you copy and paste markdown into the editor it will convert it into a bona fide Gutenberg block. Pretty tasty.Markdown support in #Gutenberg is going to be so awesome. @matias_ventura just showed it off on stage at #WCEU without even mentioning it, like it has always been there 😠 Omar Reiss (@OmarReiss) June 16, 2018.@matias_ventura is showing off nice smooth Markdown conversion in #Gutenberg, as @photomatt was mentioning yesterday. Like butter. #WCEU pic.twitter.com/jZOVtbwFb4 David Bisset (@dimensionmedia) June 16, 2018This presentation has me thinking that Matà ­as Ventura was the big star of WordCamp Europe because he helped many people get excited about the changes. To sum it up that the future is WordPress.What are other people sayingThe future is near according to the team at Sitelock, and they are excited for this new chapter. The event itself was near perfect. it is hard to disagree with that assessment from a team that attends a WordCamp nearly every week. T hese guys know WordCamps like I know pizza.For the local view Ivana, volunteer and happy sharer of Serbian facts wrote a piece focusing on the great talks and diverse workshops. There was also a shoutout for Adrian Rosellis mammoth accessibility workshop (with slides).Youll hear it said often that the Serbian people were welcoming and it was a great experience, and you might also hear a mention of two of the amazing food.As ever, the Gutenberg timeline got a lot of the focus. Without a doubt, the clarification of the timeline is a great step in the right direction.Volunteering and OrganizingAs with every WordCamp Europe since 2016, the ThemeIsle crew was all hands on deck as volunteers. It was my first experience as a volunteer and I really enjoyed it. It was stressful combining it with our role as media partner but I learned a lot. Next year will be even better.We had pirates volunteering all over the event. First off we had Madalin working in the happiness bar. Sounds like he had a great time (hopefully staying within the Code of Conduct).If you need a â€Å"shot†, we’re waiting you at the Happines Bar #WCEU https://t.co/KQtpbEhteb Madalin Milea (@MileaMadalin) June 16, 2018Another first-timer, Radu, said, I heard from a lot of the guys that WCEU is a great experience but I didn’t expect to have so much fun.Best way to end Day 1 of #WCEU Thank you @iamkriskorn 🠤â€" pic.twitter.com/Ownh7hY0cN Sabina Ionescu (@s2abina) June 15, 2018We also had two pirates on the organizing committee. Sabina was 2IC of the communications team. She was busy the entire event, and as a result, barely had time to grab swag. She did score some delicious Estonian chocolate from our new friend, Kris. Thats what we call engineering happiness.Finally, WordCamp Europe 2019 will be in BerlinFinally, the announcement for WordCamp 2019 in Berlin was one we can all get behind. If we thought the Sava Centre was big, then the Estrel Hotel and Congress Center takes it up a notch with room for 12,000 people.The Berlin WordPress community is strong as can be seen in the 1300 members of their monthly meetup. They also have dedicated meetups for developers, women, and beginners.So, while were all disappointed that WordCamp Europe 2018 is over already, the good news is the WordCamp Europe process has already started again. The call for organizers has been sounded and if youre quick you can make another awesome WCEU.And the rest of us will start counting down the days. #WordCamp Europe #WCEU 2018 - What people are saying + our reflections

Charlemagne essays

Charlemagne essays During the Medieval period (600 A.D. to 830 AD) in Europe only a few leaders showed great glory and compassion. Mythical characters usually made up these leaders. Yet Charlemagne wasnt a figment of our imagination. He is one of the worlds finest leaders. Charlemagne established the traditions of European royalty and nobility. His prominence in medieval Europe was a big force of bringing together the people of Europe. His many contributions help shape European civilization. For his valiant conquests the French, Germans, and Italians not so much thought of themselves as French, German, or Italian but rather as Europeans. They shared a common culture, common religious liturgy, and a common language of Latin. The name Charlemagne was not use till after his death. His tombstone reads, Here lies Charles the Great, no historians would contradict this claim of greatness (Harold Lamb page 152). Historians use Charlemagne cautiously due to the fact, that it might imply the legendary figure rather than the historical one. Other names that he is known form is Charles the Great, the king of the Franks, and the founder of the Holy Roman Empire. The family line of royalty could have end before the reign of Charlemagne. After the death of Pepin II the line would have faded into history. If it wasnt for his bastard son Charles Martel. Charles Martel was the first to bear the name Charles was Charlemagnes grandfather. Though he never hold the title of king he controlled all three Frankish realms-Neustria, Austrasia, and Burgundy. With the death of Charles Martel the kingdom was divided between his sons, Carloman and Pepin III (Pepin the Short). Pepin III is the father of Charlemagne. Now the entire kingdom was in shambles and chaos. It took years before the kingdom was under control. When Pepin III took the throne he sent Fulrad, an appointed Bishop, to Rome to persuade Po...

7 Flawed Sentences Redeemed by Commas

7 Flawed Sentences Redeemed by Commas 7 Flawed Sentences Redeemed by Commas 7 Flawed Sentences Redeemed by Commas By Mark Nichol The simple insertion, deletion, or relocation of a comma (or two) can alter a sentences meaning, so when writing or editing a sentence, carefully analyze it to determine whether the punctuation (or lack thereof) serves its intended meaning or whether it creates grammatical confusion. The following examples illustrate the significant difference punctuation can make; discussion after each sentence explains the problem and provides a solution. 1. Relaxed capital and leverage requirements are favorable to depository institutions as they allow institutions to put more of their capital to work and may even provide consumers with more access to credit. Punctuation helps readers recognize the meaning of a word that, in identical syntactical arrangements, can have distinct meanings. In this sentence, as appears to function as a synonym for while in the sense of referencing a simultaneous occurrence. However, the clause that follows as is an explanation- here, as is a synonym for because- and is therefore a dependent clause, which means that it must be preceded by punctuation: â€Å"Relaxed capital and leverage requirements are favorable to depository institutions, as they allow institutions to put more of their capital to work and may even provide consumers with more access to credit.† 2. It is a never-ending campaign to stay in step with adversaries, and wherever possible, anticipate their next move. In this sentence, the intended function of the commas is to set off a parenthetical phrase, but the placement of the first comma erroneously suggests that its purpose is to separate two independent clauses. The parenthetical phrase is â€Å"wherever possible,† not â€Å"and wherever possible†- test this fact by temporarily omitting each alternative from the sentence and seeing which statement is still grammatically valid- so the first comma must follow, not precede, and: â€Å"It is a never-ending campaign to stay in step with adversaries and, wherever possible, anticipate their next move.† (Because the phrase that follows and is not an independent clause- there is no subject- no additional comma is required before the conjunction.) 3. I consider movies, such as Get Out, examples of artwork that provoke discussion about our society. The commas bracketing â€Å"such as Get Out† imply that that phrase is expendable- that the sentence is valid without it. But the writer is referring to a category of movies that the film Get Out exemplifies in some quality, so that phrase is essential to the sentence and therefore cannot be treated as a parenthetical phrase: â€Å"I consider movies such as Get Out examples of artwork that provokes discussion about our society.† (If movies were qualified with an adjective, as in the phrase â€Å"movie that allegorically pertain to racism,† then â€Å"such as Get Out† would be valid as a parenthetical phrase because it suggests an example of a specified category of film, rather than just one film in the all-encompassing category of â€Å"movies.†) 4. Getting the right information, to the right people, at the right time, is intrinsically valuable to any organization. The segmentation of the first three phrases in this sentence is unnecessary and obtrusive. The writer of this sentence assumes that punctuation is required to distinguish the three factors referenced sequentially in this sentence, but the prepositions to and at serve this function: â€Å"Getting the right information to the right people at the right time is intrinsically valuable to any organization.† 5. Directors can’t get the information they need to make critical decisions because the company’s ability to effectively measure and report on key risks is limited. If this sentence continued after limited, with an alternative explanation for why directors can’t get the information they need (following a semicolon), then the phrase â€Å"because . . . is limited† would be essential to the sentence. But in the sentence as written, â€Å"because . . . is limited† is a subordinate (and therefore nonessential) clause, and it should be set off from the main clause (â€Å"directors . . . critical decisions†): â€Å"Directors can’t get the information they need to make critical decisions, because the company’s ability to effectively measure and report on key risks is limited.† 6. It’s kind of scary actually. When an adverb appearing at the end of a sentence is intrinsic to the sentence, do not include intervening punctuation, as in â€Å"We visit them annually.† (Without annually, the sentence â€Å"We visit them† would not convey the intended information- the frequency with which they visit- so annually is essential to the statement.) But in this case, actually merely serves as an informal form of emphasis- it merely strengthens the admission but does not add meaning- so it is set off from the main clause: â€Å"It’s kind of scary, actually.† (Also, actually should be set off if it precedes the main clause- â€Å"Actually, it’s kind of scary†- but no punctuation is necessary if the adverb is inserted within the clause: â€Å"It’s actually kind of scary.†) 7. What’s different is they came of age at a difficult time. The subject of this sentence is they, and what comes before is a dependent introductory clause, which must be set off from the main clause by a comma: â€Å"What’s different is, they came of age at a difficult time.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Possessive of Proper Names Ending in SThe Difference Between "will" and "shall"10 Terms for the Common People

Distinction Between Leadership in Educational Organisation and Essay

Distinction Between Leadership in Educational Organisation and Business Organisation - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that leadership has been an aspect of human civilization from time immemorial and has been exercised in ruling tribes to nations and in winning wars and facing adversities of natural disasters. Leadership is defined as â€Å"the ability to influence individuals and groups to work toward attaining organizational objectives†. While leadership, in general, remains essentially an influencing process, the styles of leadership vary greatly and to suit the different situations and follower profiles. While different schools of thoughts extend different views on leadership, they are grouped under four wide categories of trait, behavioral, situational and transformational theories. Trait theories believe that leaders have specific qualities and characteristics in them that make them a leader. Subsequently, leadership studies turned to leaders’ actions and behaviors. Leadership studies evolved further to accommodate the idea of situation al aspects that required different leadership styles. Alternative approaches have emerged in the form of Transformational vs. transactional approach. In order to compare and contrast the different styles of leadership adopted by two leaders in two different organizations, a leader in an educational organization – Principal of Washington Elementary School and CEO of Slim Line Limited – an apparel manufacturing International Joint Venture of MAST Industries USA have been interviewed.

School Reformation Policies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

School Reformation Policies - Essay Example First of all, I would suggest smaller classes with more and highly qualified teachers for disabled students and those with special needs and backgrounds. In addition to reducing the number of students per teacher, more care and time must be afforded to these groups. This would help even the achievement gap that has not been emphasized on at all, in NCLB. For example, both blacks and whites are seen to be equally improving and so the gaps are still left unchecked. This must not be the case, and extra attention must be paid to correct this gap. Special students like the blind for instance, during examinations, must have provisions to have questions read out to them.Secondly, I would urge for measurement of improvement and academic progress per student as opposed to the collective assessment under NCLB. It is possible for schools to retain high ratings even at high achievement gaps since NCLB only measures average school performance. Achieving 100% same-state standards by 2014 as is env isioned in the Act is unrealistic, to say the least as many variables are often involved especially in disability cases. This is a simple illusion.Carris’ Ghosts of No Child Left Behind (2011) further states that the NCLB Act requires only a bare minimum of standards to be met without specific attention to any further improvement beyond the set minimum. It simply groups everyone together as one and discourages any personal talent and improvement in the long run, as all students are simply to be above average. Gifted students are awfully maligned and their enhancement disregarded hence. In some states like Michigan, state funding for gifted and talented programs was cut by up to 90% in the year after the Act became law. I am also of strong opinion that cutting funds for ‘failing’ schools only serves to hinder even more, any chances they have to regroup and improve performance potential. On the contrary, it is my belief that such schools

A report on the Implementation of Standard Costing

A report on the Implementation of Standard Costing In current years, various tools such as activity-based costing, the balanced scorecard and target costing have been used in the business community. However, traditional management accounting systems continue to be widely applied. One example is standard costing, which has been used on a wide front during the last century. The purpose of this paper is to examine the widely use of standard costing system. Despite it is less relevant than newer accounting methods, standard costing is far from obsolete. Because of its simplicity, flexibility and affordability, standard costing remains a favorite cost accounting method among accounting and finance professionals. Introduction: In todays time of rapid technologic change, tough global and domestic competition, total cost management is central to sustained corporate profitability and competitiveness. The management focus today is to minimize cost. The cost leadership strategy does not mean compromise on either quality or technology or product differentiation. Low costs are no advantage, if the customers are not willing to buy the product of low cost firm. Cost management has to be driven with customer as the focus. The survival way for any company is how to manage its product/service cost, quality and performance. The customers are continuously demanding high quality and better performance products/services and at the same time, they want the prices to fall. The shareholders are also demanding a required rate of return on their investment with the company. Thus, cost has become a residual. The challenge is being able to manufacture or provide service with the stipulated cost framework. Thus, cost management has to be an ongoing continuous improvement program. Standard Costing In recent years, various tools such as activity-based costing, the balanced scorecard and target costing have been used in the business community (Kaplan Cooper, 1998; Kaplan Norton, 1996; Ansari et al1997). However, traditional management accounting systems continue to be widely applied (Brewer, 2000). One example of traditional management accounting is standard costing. Standards can be used with either job order or process costing system to provide important information for managerial planning, controlling, and decision making. Standard costing assists in setting budgets and evaluating managerial performance. The major motive to use standard costing is because it facilitates product costing estimation (Ask Ax, 1997). Ask and Axs study is supported by a study conducted by Puxty and Lyall (1989), which reported that 76 percent of the UK commercial and industrial companies operate a standard costing system. Although it is used widely, people recently criticize it could not provide the information needed in todays competitive environment. Despite the criticism, there are few signs that the use of standard costing tends to decrease. The survey from Ask and AX (1997) showed that 12.6 % of the companies investigated stated that they would abandon standards but on the other hand, 9.9 % stated that they would like to convert to standard costing system. The History of Standard Costing The standard costing system was developed in the early 1900s. According to Drury (1992), it was the scientific management principles recommended by F.W. Taylor and other engineers. Scientific engineers built up information about standards to set up the best way to use labour and material resources within manufacturing. Engineers used the standards to provide information for planning the flow of work so that the waste of materials and labour was minimized. Interestingly, engineers did not consider standards as a tool to control financial costs at that time (Drury, 1992) The first thoughts of using standards as a tool to control costs came from G. Charter Harrison, who designed the first standard costing system. Started in 1911, Harrison worked for the Boss Manufacturing Company, Illinois, in USA makers of work gloves. It took him a few years before he published the first set of equations for the analysis of cost variances (Solomons, 1968) Harrison was not the only person on the standard costing scene. In 1908 and 1909 Harrington Emerson supported the development of an information system specifically directed towards the achievement of efficiency objectives. Emerson stated that information about standards allow managers to differentiate variances that are due to controllable conditions and variances that are caused by conditions beyond managements control (Solomons, 1968) Traditionally standard costing systems are used in order to support the manufacturing industry. Today standard costing is widely used by all kinds of industries. The Purpose of A Standard Costing System: The purpose of cost and management accounting is to provide financial information to managers to help them to plan activities, control the activities and see the financial implications of any decisions they make take (Hussey Hussey, 1998). Standard costing systems provide cost data that can be used for many different purposes. Ask and AX (1997) have identified several fields of application when it comes to a standard costing system. Their survey has the following reasons/purposes why a company may use a standard costing system: Product Costing 82.4% Inventory Valuation 64.8% Variance Analysis 56.0% Budgeting 45.1% Transfer Pricing 31.9% Drury (1996) gives a wider view of the purposes. He states that the main purpose a standard costing system can be used are: To help in setting budges and evaluating managerial performance. To act as a control device by stressing those activities which do not match to plan and thus alert decision-makers to those situations that many be out of control and in need of remedial action. To provide a forecast of future costs that can be used for decision making purposes. To simplify the task of tracing costs to products for inventory evaluation purposes. To provide a challenging target with individuals are motivated to achieve. There are many advantages with standards. Calculations are easier made and an effective performance controls are enabled, which provide opportunity to savings. Critique Against Standard Costing Systems Standard costs are major elements within the management accounting area. They were used when organizations conditions were stable, standardized products were produced and labour and material costs were the major costs components. But todays business environment is different. The difficulties in the manufacturing process are increased when products are many and product series are short. (Ask Ax, 1997) When difficulties increase, it has more complicated interpreting of variances. Moreover, it could be difficult to tie the variances to the particular persons or the particular areas. Also, when the manufacturing conditions become more complex, the amount of fixed costs increases. Therefore, fewer opportunities will influence the total costs in the short term. Managers have less interesting to manage by using traditional thinking on how costs are influenced by volume. As shown above, standards may be difficult to set in todays dynamic conditions. A standard costing system may be expensive to maintain and the additional record-keeping may become a burden to managers and they lose confidence in the system. (Hussey Hussey, 1997) Richard Fleischman and Thomas Tyson claimed that standard costing cannot provide adequate assistance in the areas of construction strategy and operational management. (Fleischman and Tyson, 1998) Don Hansen and Maryanne Mowen describe standard costing system as potentially dysfunctional. (Hansen and Mowen, 2002) These criticisms have contributed to the dismissal of standard costing, especially for large companies that have more sophisticated method such as Activity Based Costing (ABC) and target costing. Mike Lucas even questioned that whether it is still appropriate for college accounting programs to teach this topic. (Lucas, 1997) Global Acceptance of Standard Costing While academics pointing out the weaknesses of standard costing, people observed that this accounting tool continues to be widely used throughout the world. Studies showed that in developed countries the standard costing using rate is as high as 73% in the U.K. and 86% in Japan. (Garg, Ghosh, Hudick and Nowacki, 2003) More specifically76% of 303 accountants in the U.K. and 73% of 85 finance and accounting specialists in New Zealand use standard costing. (Guilding, Lamminmaki and Drury, 1998) The authors also found that accountants viewed modern costing and production management tools as having no impact on how widely standard costing and variance analysis are used. A study by Maliah Sulaiman, Nik Nazli and Norhayati Mohd Alwi of companies doing business in Malaysia found similar widespread dissemination and persistence of standard costing: 70% of 66 local firms and 76% of 21 Japanese are using standard costing. These studies reveal that standard costing does not overemphasize cost control; however, it is linked to quality management. In addition, the Lucas and Sulaiman studies have shown that companies use historical performance instead of predetermined engineering standards on actual costs. Instead of using newer and costlier systems, companies chose to reconfigure existing system with more precise schemes, implying that firms have adapted standard costing to their specific needs and have not abandoned it. Swiss Chalet Standard Costs System: System Description In order to demonstrate that standard costing is far from obsolete. I examined the standard costing system at Swiss Chalet, one of the biggest Canadian restaurant chains. The collected data of this study consists of in-depth interviews with employees working with standard costing at different divisions within Swiss Chalet. The study about the standard costing in U.K., Dubai and Malaysia is also used. First opened in 1954, Swiss Chalet now has more than 190 restaurants across Canada and United States serving their signature rotisserie chicken and a variety of other menu items. In the beginning of each month, Swiss Chalets area manger will send standard costs to each Swiss Chalets store. The standard costs are generated through historical data and area managers analysis based on each stores current situation. Then, management in each store can project materials, labor and overhead costs by reviewing the standard costs established for each of these cost elements. Then computer generate the variances and make managers recognize the differences between the actual activities and resource consumption and the expected activities and resource consumption. When the variance is significant, this is a signal for investigation, Managers will try to discover the cause and exert influence to correct it. Therefore, cost control and performance evaluation is the main purpose of Swiss Chalets Standard Costing System. According to Mann-Whitney U test Statistic13, inventory costing is the key function of standard costing for industries in U.K, Dubai and Malaysia. Also, Mann-Whitney U test suggests that the industrial-sector companies in U.K. use standard costing to a greater extent than the service sector for the functions of cost control and performance evaluation, costing inventories and computing product cost for decision making. Also, in only one instance has this pattern reverted toward the service sector: the use of standard costing as an aid to budgeting. These findings are consistent with those of other studies of industrial sector companies in Malaysia and the U.K. (Marie Rao, 2010) Material Standards: Swiss Chalets direct material components have three categories: foods, liquor and disposals. Foods include chicken, potatoes, ribs, and vegetables. Etc. Liquor includes wine, spirit and other non-alcohol beverages. Disposals include food boxes and bags to wrap food. Also, the standard cost of non-value-added materials such as discount materials, food wastes and voidable orders are also included for the purpose of reduction or elimination. When area mangers determine the standard cost, historical cost, stores current performance and cost-benefit trade-offs are involved in making quality decisions. When all quantity and price information has been gathered, component quantities are multiplied by unit prices to yield the total cost of each component. These totals are summed to determine the total standard material cost of one unit of product and the total standard material cost. Information about direct material of each component, their specifications (including quality), their quantitie s and total standard material cost are listed on a bill of materials. This average of historic usage method is consistent with statistics of service sectors in Dubai, U.K. and Malaysia. According to Mann-Whitney U test Statistic, 76% of service sector in Dubai and 63% of service sector in Malaysia use average of historic usage to set up labor and material standards. On the other hand, nearly nine out of 10 industrial sector respondents in Dubai employed standards based on design/engineering studies, which is comparable to Japanese companies in Malaysia (81%). These firms appear to be significantly more scientific in their approach to standards setting compared to the service sectors, which predominantly used average of historic usage method. Labor Standards: The procedures for developing labor standards are similar to those used for material standards in Swiss Chalet. Swiss Chalet has four types of works in the front of the house: servers, hosts, managers and bar tenders. They also have three types of people in the kitchen: cooks, line cooks and pre cooks. The standard costs of each type of worker in each specific time range are identified. Because they are in the restaurant business, labor requirement is different during the different period of the day. Therefore, their labor standards are specifically identified in each hour. Their managers salaries are also counted into the labor standard costs although they are fixed overhead cost. Labor rate standards reflect the wages and fringe benefits paid to employees. Because employees in the same position are paid different wage rates based on their experiences in the restaurant business, a weighted average rate is computed and used as the standard. After labor tasks are analyzed, an operatio ns flow document is prepared that lists all the necessary activities and labor costs in each time range. Overhead Standards: Swiss Chalet store has two types of overhead costs: utility costs and maintenance costs. (Managers salaries are included in the labor costs). Utility costs include rent, gas and hydro, etc. Maintenance costs include equipment repair budget, sanitary service and pest controls, etc. Area managers use historical data, store situation and market price to determine the overhead standard costs. Swiss Chalets managers review the standard every month. Slightly more than half of Dubai industries (52%) conduct reviews semiannually, consistent with Japanese respondents in Malaysia (55%). On the other hand, domestic Malaysia firms in the U.K. were apt to review their costing standards annually at a rate of 35% and 68%, respectively. (Marie Rao, 2010) Material Variance: Store managers do the inventory count every week and then input direct material cost they used of each component, their specifications (including quality), their quantities and total standard material cost into the computer system. The computer system generates the price variance and quantity variance. Store managers usually can not do much about the price variance because they are not able to control prices. Head office has purchasing contracts with their suppliers with fixed prices in the yearly basis. The only price they can control is vegetable prices, which have seasonal fluctuation. Managers are able to influence the price according to the price variance. Quantity variances are considered the responsibility of the person in charge of the kitchen. When the quantity variance is too big, managers have to think about the efficiency of the material usage, weather experienced employees are well allocated in different shift and weather further training should be provided. Labor Variance: When employees start to work and when they leave the store, they input their password into the computer system. Computer system automatically records their working hours and generates labor rate variance and labor efficiency variance. If the labor cost is bigger than 29% of the total costs, head office will give a warning to the stores, demanding them to reduce the labor costs. Therefore, managers have to balance the use of experienced workers and inexperienced workers in a specific task by using labor efficiency variance and labor rate variance. Using highly skilled highly paid individuals for lower-level jobs could cause an unfavorable labor rate variance, accompanied by a favorable labor efficiency variance. Therefore, Swiss Chalet examines variance where the variance exceeds a given percentage of standard. In Dubai, 39% of industrial companies and 50% of service companies base their costing decisions on managerial judgment, compared to roughly half of U.K. companies and one fourth of local and Japanese companies in Malaysia. However, 35% of firms in Dubais industrial sector and 29% in its service sector answered when the variance exceeded a given percentage of standard, which is similar to the rates found in the Malaysia and U.K. studies. (Marie Rao, 2010) II Usefulness and effectiveness of the System: The major advantage of standard cost system in Swiss Chalet is that it highlights and allows management to manage by exceptions, that is, it allows management to concentrate on the areas where there are inefficiencies. It also allows company management to understand the quality expected and costs that will be incurred in the preparation of each dish and what impacts deviations from these standards will have on costs and profits. When the variance is significant, this is a signal for investigation, Managers tries to discover the cause and exert influence to correct it. In the Swiss Chalet store I visited, costs are under control; productivity is high; workers are achieving bonuses based on team activity goals and employee morale is high in a work environment typically viewed as tedious. The system is highly controlled and automated. The process is effective and the standards they set are appropriate and attainably. Although their standards are developed from past and current information, environmental, seasonal and economic factors are considered for the period in which the standards are to be applied. Swiss Chalets material, labor and overhead standard costs are changed every month. For example, recently, Swiss Chalet eliminated many non value added labor movements, their labor time standards changed very soon accordingly. Swiss Chalets standards can be reached or slightly exceeded approximately 60% or 70% of the time with reasonable effort by workers. Their standards allow for normal, unavoidable time problems or delays. Their standards represent an attainable challenge and are able to motivate workers performance and at determining how effectively and efficiently workers are performing their tasks. III Recommendation: Process changes: Under current system, area managers are the only people who do the standard costs setting. I believe that area managers could cooperate with purchasing manager, accountants, marketing managers and store managers to determine which choices are most appropriate. The cooperation will help the company better balance the interrelationship of cost, quality, quantity and selling price. Under the current system, standard costs of each type of worker in each specific time range are used to calculate the total labor standards. However, workers salaries are different even in the same position because their experiences are different. Therefore, each individuals salary and individual numbers in one specific time range used to calculate the standard labor costs should be identified for managers better understand the standards and better improve their labor arrangement and improve their labor efficiency. Computer System change: Swiss Chalets current computer system is good, but still not highly automated. They still use fax to transit data and information within the organization are not highly shared within one portal. Therefore, I believe Enterprise Resource Planning System (ERP) will make their work process more effectively. EPR system provides a much higher level of accuracy to gathering cost information. With most manufacturing processes being automated and operated with little direct labor, ERP system has the advantage of keeping an accurate record of overhead cost pools at all levels in an organization. ERP has greater capacity to accurately allocate costs and it is important for developing accurate standards. Standard costs can be prepared with, for example, the sub-module mySAP.com Financials under ERP system. Intermountain Health Care, Inc.s Standard System According to Mr. W.V. Rosqvists research paper Intermountain Health Care, Inc, (IHC) Satandard Costing System Methodology and Implementation, the IHC Standard Costing System is able to manipulate the procedure costs in any way desirable to provide meaningful groupings for analysis. The Standard Costing System provides hospital management with a tool for meeting increased cost pressures in the health care environment. The system is useful for pricing services, but it is also important to monitor productivity and analyze costs and profitability. IHC is a not-for-profit hospital chain with 22 hospitals in the intermountain area and head office is in Salt Lake City. They have a complex approach to determine detailed standard costs for every procedure in the hospital. IHCs standard costing system was designed to link the hospitals financial management and case mix reporting system to provide significant information in the area of following: Cost/Profit Studies: the ability to determine cost and profit at each of levels, such as patient, physician, medical specialty, payer and employer. Marketing: to make complex decisions regarding the competitive market forces such as pricing, contracting and physician retirement. The analysis gives hospital the advantage to determine the financial impact of changes in volume. Departmental Productivity: to monitor the department performance to help variance analysis and goal setting. Utilization of Hospital Service: the ability to alter utilization, which depends on the ability to analyze current patterns and associated costs. Cost Comparison: To compare costs to other hospitals to help managers to identify and learn the efficient methods. Competitive Analysis: To study competitor information and make reasonable judgment of its costs. It will allow a significant view of the impact of price completion on all the competitors. It will help IHC to determine the extent to which it should compete on prices with other hospitals and with nontraditional health care providers, such as outpatient surgery centers. The IHC approach to standard costing provides detailed costs for every individual charge item in the hospital. Fixed and variable costs are maintained for every item in broad categories: labor expense, supply expense, depreciation and hospital overhead. After the implementation, their standard costing system is able to: provide full standard fixed and variable costs for management purpose in making pricing and marketing decisions; maintain a management reporting system compatible with existing system; provide an approach to compare hospitals and departments; provide accuracy while allowing easy and rapid maintenance. (M. V. Rosqvist) The Future of Standard Costing: According to Cheatham and Cheatham (1996), many accountants do not know that a redesigned standard costing system can provide the important information that they need and updating their system is an easier process than adopting a new system. They also point out that standard costing system combines managerial, financial and operations accounting, which make it as a control system. But the possible replacement is only cost accumulation system. Critics against the standard costing system questioned whether the system is useful in the manufacturing system of today. As we demonstrated above, it is still a widely used method, due to the fact that it provides cost information for many different ways in addition to cost control. A lot of companies adapted their standard costing system to report on these variables that particularly important to them. In companies where an activity-based system is implemented, standard costing is still essential when it comes to controlling the costs of unit-level activities. Other criticism comes from that overemphasis is on the price and efficiency, which would make quality aside. Also, volume variance to measure utilization of capacity ignores overproduction and unnecessary build-up of inventory. In this situation the fact that variance analysis is not locked in to a set of variables is ignored. Used variables can be changed when the need arises. Examples of this are presented below. (Cheatham Cheatham, 1996) To use standards on the functions of raw material ordering and inventory levels, which give information about the effectiveness of suppliers. Because the objective is to deliver orders as placed, any variances are undesired. Price variances can be combined with a quality variance to prevent purchasing managers from only focusing on price but do not pay attention to quality. Raw materials inventory variances indicate an inventory build-up, because more material purchased than used, by reverted conditions. This is in line with a just-in-time theory. Further criticism is about the non-focus of continuous improvement. But, standards based on engineering studies or historical data are not a necessary part of a standard costing system because standards can be changed by a lot of methods. Examples are listed as below. (Cheatham Cheatham, 1996) Use last periods results as standards. The last periods result has to be representative; otherwise it needs to be revised. It is also achievable to use a base period that comparisons are made. Use benchmark as something outside companies. To compare with competitors or with the leader of the industry. Use predetermined cost reduction by reducing the standard cost for every period by a predetermined amount to achieve constant improvement. Finally, the reporting system of the standard costing system may be revised. In the traditional way internal completion often arises. By revising the reporting system, cooperation among workers, managers and departments can be supported. Conclusion: Despite it is less relevant than newer accounting methods, standard costing is far from obsolete. However, redesign and update the standard costing system to adapt the new environment may be necessary. Because of its simplicity, flexibility and affordability, standard costing remains a favorite cost accounting method among accounting and finance professionals.